Sometimes mysteries happen. Chef found a directed graph with N vertices and M edges in his kitchen!
The evening was boring and chef has nothing else to do, so to entertain himself, Chef thought about a question "What is the minimum number of edges he needs to reverse in order to have at least one path from vertex 1 to vertex N, where the vertices are numbered from 1 to N.
Input
Each test file contains only one test case.
The first line of the input contains two space separated integers N and M, denoting the number of vertices and the number of edges in the graph respectively. The ith line of the next M lines contains two space separated integers Xi and Yi, denoting that the ith edge connects vertices from Xi to Yi.
Output
In a single line, print the minimum number of edges we need to revert. If there is no way of having at least one path from 1 to N, print -1.
Constraints
1 ≤ N, M ≤ 100000 = 105
1 ≤ Xi, Yi ≤ N
There can be multiple edges connecting the same pair of vertices, There can be self loops too i.e. Xi = Yi
Example
Input:
7 7
1 2
3 2
3 4
7 4
6 2
5 6
7 5
Output:
2
Explanation
We can consider two paths from 1 to 7:
1-2-3-4-7
1-2-6-5-7
In the first one we need to revert edges (3-2), (7-4). In the second one - (6-2), (5-6), (7-5). So the answer is min(2, 3) = 2.
class Codechef {
static class Pair {
int val, wt;
Pair(int val, int wt) {
this.val = val;
this.wt = wt;
}
}
// O(ElogV) -> Normal Dijkstra
public static int findMinReverse(int[][] edges, int n) {
List<Pair>[] graph = new ArrayList[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
graph[i] = new ArrayList<>();
}
for (int[] edge : edges) {
graph[edge[0]].add(new Pair(edge[1], 0));
graph[edge[1]].add(new Pair(edge[0], 1));
}
PriorityQueue<Pair> pq = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a.wt - b.wt);
boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
pq.add(new Pair(0, 0));
while (pq.size() != 0) {
Pair top = pq.poll();
if (visited[top.val])
continue;
visited[top.val] = true;
if (top.val == n - 1)
return top.wt;
for (Pair x : graph[top.val]) {
// O(logn) operations
pq.add(new Pair(x.val, x.wt + top.wt));
}
}
return -1;
}
// O(E) -> 0 1 Dijksta (only works when only 2 wt edges are present)
public static int findMinReverse(int[][] edges, int n) {
List<Pair>[] graph = new ArrayList[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
graph[i] = new ArrayList<>();
}
for (int[] edge : edges) {
graph[edge[0]].add(new Pair(edge[1], 0));
graph[edge[1]].add(new Pair(edge[0], 1));
}
LinkedList<Pair> list = new LinkedList<>();
boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
list.add(new Pair(0, 0));
while (list.size() != 0) {
Pair top = list.pollFirst();
if (visited[top.val])
continue;
visited[top.val] = true;
if (top.val == n - 1)
return top.wt;
for (Pair x : graph[top.val]) {
// O(1) operations
if (x.wt == 1)
list.addLast(new Pair(x.val, 1 + top.wt));
else
list.addFirst(new Pair(x.val, top.wt));
}
}
return -1;
}
}